Power System: High-power turbocharged diesel engines (mainstream 400–600 HP), 12/16/18-speed manual or AMT transmissions, reinforced drive shafts and rear axle final drives, ensuring strong performance for heavy-duty starting and climbing. New energy options include LNG/CNG, pure electric, and hydrogen fuel cell models.

Chassis: Thickened frame rails, short wheelbase design; standard-equipped fifth-wheel coupling, trailer pneumatic brake lines and electrical connectors. Common drive configurations: 4×2 (single drive), 6×2 (lift axle), 6×4 (dual drive, preferred for long haul). Multi-axle setups improve load capacity and stability.

Cab: Cab-over-Engine (COE, mainstream in China) / Conventional cab (common in Europe and America). Equipped with sleeper, cruise control, lane departure warning, AEBS emergency braking, and other long-haul features.

Electrical & Braking: Dual-circuit air braking with synchronized trailer braking, ABS/ESC, 24V electrical system, and interfaces for trailer lights, turn signals and brake signals.